Muscular Skeletal System

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Introduction:

The human body is an intricate system that comprises regulatory pathways and many subsystems. The musculoskeletal system comprises muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bones, and other connective tissue which prepares a framework of the body. The musculoskeletal system is formed by 300 skeletal muscles, connective tissue, and 200 skeletal bones.  It helps the body in the movement, stability, support, and help in forming immunology. The bones of the skeletal system serve to protect the body’s organs, support the weight of the body, and give the body shape. The muscles of the muscular system attach to these bones, pulling on them to allow for movement of the body.

The human skeleton:

Numerous important functions are performed by the human skeleton system. It helps in the protection of internal organs, supports, and gives shape to the body, and allows for movement. It is also the site of blood cell production, which produce in the marrow of some cells.

The skeleton:

The human skeleton comprises two parts and that is the appendicular skeleton and the axial skeleton.

1. Appendicular skeleton comprises of the pelvic girdle, upper and lower limbs, and the pectoral girdle.
2. Axial skeleton comprises the thoracic, the vertebral column, and the skull.

Joints, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons:

The musculoskeletal system also contains connective structures and tissues that support the body and allow for its movement.

• Cartilage acts as a shock absorber to reduce friction.
• Ligaments help stabilizes the joint, keeping it from moving outside of its intended range of motion.
• Tendons connect the skeletal system to the muscular system by attaching muscle to bone. When muscle contracts, the tendon acts on the bone, causing movement.
• Joints, the point at which two or more bones connect, can be fixed, slightly movable, or freely movable.

Muscles:

The body contains three types of muscle tissue: Skeletal muscle, Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle.

• Skeletal muscle is voluntary and striated. These are the muscles that attach to bones and control conscious movement.
• Smooth muscle is involuntary and non-striated. It is found in the hollow organs of the body, such as the stomach, intestines, and around blood vessels.
• Cardiac muscle is involuntary and striated. It is found only in the heart and is specialized to help pump blood throughout the body.

Muscle contraction:

When a muscle fiber receives a signal from the nervous system, myosin filaments are stimulated, pulling actin filaments closer together. This shortens sarcomeres within a fiber, causing it to contract.

Functions performed by the musculoskeletal system:

Primarily, the roles of the musculoskeletal system are movement and support, but the system also performs the following functions:

• Formation and supply of new blood cells
• Stability
• Protection of vital structures
• Storage of salts (e.g., calcium)
• Provision of body forms

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